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|battles= |strength= }} Boko Haram, which calls itself Wilāyat Gharb Ifrīqīyyah ((アラビア語:الولاية الإسلامية غرب أفريقيا), (Islamic State's) West Africa Province, ''ISWAP''), and Jamā'at Ahl as-Sunnah lid-Da'wah wa'l-Jihād' ((アラビア語:جماعة أهل السنة للدعوة والجهاد), "Group of the People of Sunnah for Preaching and Jihad"), is an Islamic extremist group based in northeastern Nigeria, also active in Chad, Niger and northern Cameroon.〔 The group's leader is Abubakar Shekau. The group had alleged links to al-Qaeda, but in March 2015, it announced its allegiance to the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL).〔 Since the current insurgency started in 2009, it has killed 20,000 and displaced 2.3 million from their homes. After its founding in 2002, Boko Haram's increasing radicalization led to a violent uprising in July 2009 in which its leader was summarily executed. Its unexpected resurgence, following a mass prison break in September 2010, was accompanied by increasingly sophisticated attacks, initially against soft targets, and progressing in 2011 to include suicide bombings of police buildings and the United Nations office in Abuja. The government's establishment of a state of emergency at the beginning of 2012, extended in the following year to cover the entire northeast of Nigeria, led to an increase in both security force abuses and militant attacks. Of the 2.3 million people displaced by the conflict since May 2013, at least 250,000 have left Nigeria and fled into Cameroon, Chad or Niger. Boko Haram killed over 6,600 in 2014. The group have carried out mass abductions including the kidnapping of 276 schoolgirls from Chibok in April 2014. Corruption in the security services and human rights abuses committed by them have hampered efforts to counter the unrest.〔 In mid-2014, the militants gained control of swathes of territory in and around their home state of Borno, estimated at in January 2015, but did not capture the state capital, Maiduguri, where the group was originally based. In September 2015, the Director of Information at the Defence Headquarters of Nigeria announced that all Boko Haram camps had been destroyed. ==Name== The group's official name is Wilayat Gharb Afriqiya, to designate it as a branch or "province" of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL).〔 Prior to Abubakar Shekau's pledge of allegiance to ISIL, the group's official name was Jamā'atu Ahli is-Sunnah lid-Da'wati wal-Jihād , meaning "People Committed to the Prophet's Teachings for Propagation and Jihad". The name "Boko Haram" is usually translated as "Western education is forbidden". Haram is from the Arabic ''ḥarām'', "forbidden"; and the Hausa word ''boko'' (first vowel is long, the second pronounced in a low tone ), meaning "fake",〔http://www.gamji.com/tilde/tilde99.htm〕 which is used to refer to secular Western education. Boko Haram has also been translated as "Western influence is a sin" and "Westernization is sacrilege".〔 Until the death of its founder Mohammed Yusuf, the group was also reportedly known as ''Yusifiyya''.〔 Northern Nigerians have commonly dismissed Western education as ''ilimin boko'' ("fake education") and secular schools as ''makaranta boko''.〔〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=An in-house Survey into the Cultural Origins of Boko Haram Movement in Nigeria )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Boko Haram」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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